Note: The following commentary is
excerpted from Jack Cashill's eye-opening new book,
"Hoodwinked: How Intellectual Hucksters Have Hijacked
American Culture," where he shows how, over the
last century, "progressive" writers and producers
have been using falsehood and fraud as their primary
weapons in their attack on America.
If there is any one man who defined
the word "environmentalist," it is the recently
deceased J. Gordon Edwards. Edwards was an author, a
park ranger, a legendary mountain climber, and an esteemed
entomologist.
In 1962, when Rachel Carson published
her breakthrough book on the environment, "Silent
Spring," Edwards was delighted. The young scientist
eagerly raced through the first several chapters, but
as he did, his anticipation eroded into uneasiness:
"I noticed many statements that I realized were
false." Attracted by Carson's message, Edwards
tried to overlook the misstatements or to rationalize
them away, but increasingly he could not. "As I
neared the middle of the book," he adds, "the
feeling grew in my mind that Rachel Carson was really
playing loose with the facts."
In 1962, however, Edwards was doing
fieldwork in Wyoming. He was scarcely in a position,
either through prestige or geography, to challenge Carson's
book, one that Supreme Court Justice William O. Douglas
was hailing as "the most important chronicle of
the century for the human race."
Rachel Carson, however, had little interest
in that race. There is no mistaking her position on
man or his attempts to assert his mastery over nature.
"The 'control of nature' is a phrase conceived
in arrogance," writes Carson, "born of the
Neanderthal age of biology and philosophy, when it was
supposed that nature exists for the convenience of man."
Today, Carson's geocentric smugness is the stuff of
science fairs and after-school specials, but then it
had the power to shock the system.
Carson derived much of that power from
her Gothic literary flair. The title of the book derives
from an opening "fable" in which a "strange
blight" has crept over an imagined American town,
casting its "evil spell" and spreading a "strange
stillness" across the land. Throughout the book,
Carson uses words like "toxins," "contaminants,"
"hazards," "death-dealing materials,"
and the inevitable "poison" where others might
use "chemical" or "insecticide."
And she never lets up.
As Edwards and others have argued, millions
of people might be alive today who aren't
if Carson had turned her talents to fiction or identified
her work as such. For the one "poison" that
truly provoked her literary rage was dichlorodiphenyl-trichloroethane
or, as it is more commonly known and reviled, DDT.
A German chemist by the name of Othmar
Zeidler had first composed this chemical compound in
1874, but did not suggest a use for it. In Switzerland,
in 1939, Dr. Paul Muller was looking for chemicals that
might kill insect pests when he came across Zeidler's
written directions for preparing DDT. Muller perfected
it, applied it, and in 1948 received the Nobel Prize
for his work with it.
Had Gordon Edwards been in a position
to cast a vote that year on Muller's behalf, he surely
would have done so. While on duty in Italy in 1944,
he and the other soldiers in his company had been plagued
by body lice. This lice was spreading typhus among the
troops, a disease that had killed 3 million people in
Europe during and after the previous war. To check the
developing epidemic, the chemists at Merck & Company
in New Jersey produced the first 500 pounds of American-made
DDT, rushed it to the airport, and flew it to Italy.
There, Edwards got the order to dust
every soldier in his company with the DDT powder. For
two weeks straight, he did just that, breathing the
fog of white dust as he did so. Much to everyone's relief,
the DDT worked, and the epidemic was checked. The surgeon
general estimated that the DDT had saved the lives of
5,000 soldiers. After the war, inspired by this experience,
Edwards went on to get his Ph.D. in entomology from
Ohio State University and eventually headed out to San
Jose State University where he taught medical entomology
courses for more than 30 years.
Carson's iconic status never slowed
Edwards down. In a series of articles and very public
presentations, he exposed Carson and others like her
who would deceive the public to advance their cause.
When Carson alludes to increased bird
deaths during the DDT era, Edwards responds, "Is
it possible that Carson was unaware of the great increases
in mammals and game birds." Her claim that robins
were on the verge of extinction because of DDT and related
chemicals he reveals to be transparently untrue. Observers,
he points out, spotted 12 times more robins in the DDT
era than before. As to her claim that DDT was originally
tested as an "agent of death" for man, this
he calls "despicable." At the end of the day,
beyond all reasonable doubt, Edwards revealed Carson's
claim that DDT is "deadly" to be "completely
false."
Not afraid to put his mouth where his
moxie was, Edwards took to swallowing a tablespoon of
DDT on stage before every lecture on the subject. In
September 1971, Esquire magazine pictured Edwards doing
just that. The accompanying text explained that Edwards
had "eaten 200 times the normal human intake of
DDT." He did not even consider this gesture risky.
In the one year of 1959, for instance, unprotected workmen
had applied 60,000 tons of DDT to the inside walls of
100 million houses. Neither the 130,000 workmen or the
535 million people living in the sprayed houses had
experienced any adverse effects.
Today, more than 40 years after Carson's
death, the struggle over DDT use continues. One Western
country after another followed America's lead and outlawed
the chemical. In his bold and meticulously documented
2004 novel, "State of Fear," Michael Crichton
describes this ban as "arguably the greatest tragedy
of the 20th century" and provides the mortality
statistics to back up his claim.
Like Crichton, J. Gordon Edwards was
not afraid to tackle the naturalist establishment. He
cited the 500 million saved lives that the National
Academy of Sciences attributed to DDT. He echoed the
World Health Organization's affirmation that no substance
had ever proved more beneficial to man. And then he
dared to question publicly why Rachel Carson and her
followers chose to ignore the undeniable human benefits
of DDT.
In Carson's case, the answer is apparent
on every other page of "Silent Spring." Straightforward
as always, Edwards describes the Carson philosophy as
a "lack of concern for human lives." She could
vividly describe the death of a bird, notes Edwards,
but nowhere in the book does she even think to describe
the death of a human by an insect-borne disease.
For the record, the research activities
of this DDT-eating scientist finally caught up with
him. Edwards died of a heart attack while climbing Divide
Mountain at Glacier National Park, where he held the
unofficial title as the patron saint of climbing. He
was 84 years old.
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